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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

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Published on: November 30, 2012

Comprehensive FDTD modelling of photonic crystal waveguide components.

A Lavrinenko, P Borel, L Frandsen

|May 28, 2009

Summary

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling accurately predicts transmission in planar photonic crystal waveguides. Numerical calculations align with experimental data, validating the simulation approach within fabrication tolerances.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials

Published on: September 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Photonics and optical engineering
Computational physics
Materials science

Background:

Planar photonic crystal waveguides are crucial for integrated optics.
Accurate modeling is essential for designing and fabricating these devices.
Experimental validation of simulation methods is key to advancing the field.

Purpose of the Study:

To model planar photonic crystal waveguide structures.
To validate numerical calculations against experimental transmission spectra.
To assess the accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with perfectly matched layers (PMLs).

Main Methods:

Utilized the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for modeling.
Implemented perfectly matched layers (PMLs) as boundary conditions.
Performed comprehensive numerical calculations and compared them to experimental transmission spectra.

Main Results:

The FDTD method with PMLs successfully modeled photonic crystal waveguides.
Numerical calculations closely matched experimentally obtained transmission spectra.
Simulations accurately predicted measured transmission levels and key spectral features within fabrication tolerances.

Conclusions:

The FDTD method is a reliable tool for simulating planar photonic crystal waveguides.
Numerical predictions align well with experimental outcomes, confirming the model's validity.
This study validates the use of FDTD with PMLs for photonic crystal device design and analysis.