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Metabolite and target transcript analyses during Crocus sativus stigma development.

Angela Rubio Moraga¹, José Luis Rambla, Oussama Ahrazem

¹Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, ETSIA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.

|May 29, 2009

Summary

Saffron

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Area of Science:

Plant biochemistry
Phytochemistry
Spice research

Background:

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is prized for its unique sensory qualities.
The developmental evolution of its volatile and non-volatile compounds remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the accumulation and changes in volatile and non-volatile compounds during saffron stigma development.
To identify key isoprenoid compounds (carotenoids and monoterpenes) influencing saffron's organoleptic properties.

Main Methods:

Analysis of volatile and non-volatile compounds throughout saffron stigma development.
Focus on isoprenoid compounds, including carotenoids and monoterpenes.
Correlation of compound profiles with specific developmental stages.

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Main Results:

Crocetin, glucoside derivatives, and picrocrocin increased with stigma maturity.
Distinct volatile profiles characterized each developmental stage.
Beta-cyclocitral, hydroxy-beta-ionone, and beta-ionone were identified, with safranal detected at low levels.
Monoterpene emission correlated with terpene synthase gene expression (CsTS1, CsTS2) during anthesis.
Fatty acid derivatives were prominent in early stages, decreasing later.

Conclusions:

Saffron stigma development involves dynamic changes in both volatile and non-volatile compounds.
Carotenoid breakdown products and monoterpenes are crucial for saffron's characteristic aroma and flavor.
Understanding these developmental pathways offers insights into saffron quality optimization.