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Related Concept Videos

Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...
Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving01:09

Turbulent Flow: Problem Solving

Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
Temperature is a key factor in CO2 solubility. In this case, the CO2 gas and the liquid are cooled to 20°C. Lower temperatures enhance...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Coherent DIAL profiling in turbulent atmosphere.

Aniceto Belmonte

    Optics Express
    |May 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Atmospheric turbulence affects lidar measurements. Simulations show how turbulence impacts differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems, revealing their sensitivity under various conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric optics
    • Remote sensing technology
    • Lidar systems

    Background:

    • Atmospheric refractive turbulence introduces uncertainties in remote sensing measurements.
    • Heterodyne lidar systems, including differential absorption lidar (DIAL), are susceptible to these atmospheric effects.
    • Accurate measurements are crucial for environmental monitoring and atmospheric studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of atmospheric refractive turbulence on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements.
    • To quantify the uncertainty introduced by beam propagation effects in heterodyne lidar systems.
    • To assess the relative sensitivity of coherent DIAL systems under diverse atmospheric conditions and instrument setups.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulations of laser beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere.

    More Related Videos

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
    10:53

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

    Published on: March 12, 2019

    Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
    11:51

    Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

    Published on: February 22, 2018

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
    13:02

    Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

    Published on: February 27, 2016

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
    10:53

    Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

    Published on: March 12, 2019

    Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions
    11:51

    Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

    Published on: February 22, 2018

  • Modeling of a practical heterodyne lidar system.
  • Analysis of measurement uncertainty specific to DIAL techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • Beam propagation simulations reveal significant uncertainty in DIAL measurements due to atmospheric turbulence.
    • Coherent DIAL systems exhibit varying sensitivity depending on atmospheric conditions.
    • Instrument configuration plays a critical role in the system's resilience to turbulence.

    Conclusions:

    • Simulations are essential for understanding and mitigating turbulence-induced errors in DIAL measurements.
    • Coherent DIAL systems require careful design and calibration to ensure accuracy in turbulent environments.
    • Further research into adaptive optics and advanced signal processing can improve lidar performance.