Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
Published on: January 28, 2019
Symmetry properties with pupil phase-filters
Abstract:
Pupil filters can modify the three dimensional response of an optical system. In this paper, we study different pupil symmetries that produce a predictable image behavior. We show that different pupil-filters that satisfy certain symmetry conditions can produce axial responses which are either identical or mirror reflected. We also establish the differences in the symmetry properties between amplitude-only filters and phase-only filters. In particular, we are interested in phase filters that produce transverse superresolution with axial superresolution or high depth of focus.
Related Concept Videos
Properties of Fourier series II
A function f(t) is...
Symmetry
Properties of Fourier series I
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry
Symmetry Elements in a Crystal
