Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)

Published on: January 27, 2010

[Postoperative analgesia in children less than 1 year of age: a retrospective analysis.]

Paulo do Nascimento Junior1, Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo, Geraldo Rolim Rodrigues Junior

  • 1Departamento de Anestesiologia, FMB, UNESP.

Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia
|May 29, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Postoperative pain management in infants was infrequent, particularly for younger, sicker children and shorter surgeries. Dipyrone, alone or with tramadol, was the most common analgesic used in the postoperative period.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Postoperative pain is a significant concern in pediatric surgery, impacting patient recovery and comfort.
  • Infants under one year undergoing surgery present unique challenges for pain management.
  • Current analgesic practices from surgery completion to Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) discharge require evaluation.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the prophylactic or therapeutic use of analgesics in children under one year of age.
  • To analyze the patterns of analgesic administration in this pediatric population.
  • To identify the most commonly prescribed analgesic agents.

Summary:

  • A retrospective analysis of 402 children under one year revealed that 48.2% did not receive postoperative analgesics.
  • Analgesic use was less common in younger infants, those with higher ASA physical status, and those undergoing shorter procedures.
  • Dipyrone and the combination of dipyrone/tramadol were the most frequently administered analgesics.

Impact:

  • Highlights a gap in routine postoperative pain management for infants.
  • Informs clinical practice regarding analgesic prescription patterns in pediatric surgery.
  • Provides data for developing improved pain management protocols for vulnerable pediatric patients.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...