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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Hemoglobin01:24

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...
Blood Types02:20

Blood Types

Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
ABO antigens are glycoproteins encoded by genes present on...
Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG01:26

Blood Studies I: ABG and VBG

Blood studies are critical in the medical field, enabling healthcare professionals to assess a patient's health status accurately. This page will focus on two significant blood studies: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) and Venous Blood Gas (VBG).
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) studies are crucial for assessing the lungs' ability to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, reflecting the patient's ventilation status. They also help understand the kidneys' capacity to reabsorb or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Exploring Alternative Perfusion Solutions Using Next-Generation Polymerized Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in a Model of Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion
09:47

Exploring Alternative Perfusion Solutions Using Next-Generation Polymerized Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in a Model of Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Published on: June 14, 2024

[Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: current status and perspectives].

Pedro Paulo Tanaka1, Maria Aparecida Almeida Tanaka

  • 1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil. tanaka@bsi.com.br

Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia
|May 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes show promise in reducing red blood cell transfusions. Future research aims to match the safety and efficacy of traditional blood transfusions.

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Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications
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Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Exploring Alternative Perfusion Solutions Using Next-Generation Polymerized Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in a Model of Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion
09:47

Exploring Alternative Perfusion Solutions Using Next-Generation Polymerized Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers in a Model of Rat Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion

Published on: June 14, 2024

Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications
09:24

Synthesis, Hemoglobin Encapsulation and Biorthogonal PEGylation in Hierarchically Porous UiO-66 Nanoparticles for Oxygen Delivery Applications

Published on: May 8, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology
  • Surgical Innovation

Context:

  • Exploring alternatives to red blood cell (RBC) transfusion since the 1950s.
  • Focusing on hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) as artificial blood substitutes.
  • Reviewing clinical studies, advantages, and limitations of developed hemoglobin molecules.

Purpose:

  • To present the current status and future perspectives of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of HBOCs in clinical settings.
  • To identify areas for improvement in artificial blood substitute development.

Summary:

  • Randomized trials demonstrate HBOCs can avoid or decrease RBC transfusions.
  • Current HBOCs have limitations that require further investigation and development.
  • The ultimate goal is to achieve safety and efficacy comparable to whole blood.

Impact:

  • Potential to alleviate shortages of donated blood and reduce transfusion risks.
  • Opens new therapeutic avenues for emergency medicine and surgery.
  • Drives innovation in biomaterials and oxygen-transport technologies.