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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
07:34

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis

Published on: February 23, 2011

Clinical manifestations in trisomy 9.

T P Kannan1, S Hemlatha, R Ankathil

  • 1Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. tpkannan@kb.usm.my

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Complete trisomy 9 is a rare lethal condition. This report details a unique case of a newborn with trisomy 9 syndrome surviving 20 days, highlighting key clinical features.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Complete trisomy 9 is a severe chromosomal abnormality.
  • It is typically lethal, with most cases resulting in spontaneous abortion or early postnatal death.

Observation:

  • A rare case of a fetus with complete trisomy 9 survived to normal delivery.
  • The infant survived for 20 days, allowing for detailed clinical observation.

Findings:

  • The infant exhibited characteristic features of trisomy 9 syndrome.
  • Observed manifestations included dysmorphic facial features, cardiac anomalies, and limb abnormalities.

Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of trisomy 9 survival.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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  • It underscores the importance of detailed clinical documentation in rare genetic syndromes.