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Related Concept Videos

Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines

Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Acupoint Catgut Embedding Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Managing Allergic Rhinitis
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Published on: December 20, 2024

Allergic conjunctivitis and H1 antihistamines.

A del Cuvillo1, J Sastre, J Montoro

  • 1Clínica Dr. Lobatón, Cádiz, Spain. dr.cuvillo@comcadiz.es

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Allergic conjunctivitis, a common eye allergy, is best treated with multi-action topical antihistamines for symptom relief. Oral antihistamines are also effective for accompanying nasal symptoms in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.

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07:35

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva

Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic conjunctivitis is the most prevalent ophthalmological allergy.
  • Ocular symptoms are a primary reason for medical consultations in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • Itching is the hallmark symptom, driving the need for effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on allergic conjunctivitis.
  • To update on the role of topical and oral antihistamines in managing ocular allergy.
  • To discuss findings from allergic conjunctivitis models in understanding physiopathology and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published data on allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and role of topical antihistamines (multi-action).
  • Evaluation of oral antihistamines (second generation) for ocular and nasal symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Topical antihistamines offer rapid, safe, and convenient treatment for allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Oral antihistamines are effective for nasal symptoms associated with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • Investigational models advance understanding of ocular allergy and new therapeutic options.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-action topical antihistamines are a primary treatment choice for allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Oral antihistamines complement topical treatment by addressing nasal symptoms.
  • Ongoing research into physiopathology and therapeutic models improves management of ocular allergy.