Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Probing Instantaneous Single-Molecule Chirality in the Planar Ground State of Formic Acid.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Immune-cognitive relationships across viral infections: A transnosological systematic review.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Inflammatory predictors of Post-COVID fatigue.

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health·2025
Same author

Selective Bond Breaking in CO_{2}^{2+} Induced by Photoelectron Recoil.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Investigating neuroanatomical correlates of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis: A pilot comparative study using advanced MRI techniques.

Revue neurologique·2025
Same author

Electron Diffraction Imaging of Carbon Monoxide via K-Shell Ionization by Compton Scattering of 20 keV Photons.

Physical review letters·2025
Same journal

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same journal

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same journal

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same journal

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same journal

Revue medicale suisse·2026
Same journal

[Erythema multiforme : target deciphering].

Revue medicale suisse·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

[Viral encephalitis: update].

R Du Pasquier1, P Meylan, L Kaiser

  • 1Département de médecine, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral encephalitis is a medical emergency, especially herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes, requiring exclusion of other encephalopathies.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
10:21

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
08:36

The Adjuvant Efficacy of Angong Niuhuang Pill in the Treatment of Viral Encephalitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Published on: April 19, 2024

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
10:21

In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Context:

  • Viral encephalitis presents as a medical emergency with variable prognosis.
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a significant cause, particularly in immunocompetent individuals.
  • Early acyclovir treatment can improve outcomes for HSV encephalitis.

Purpose:

  • To provide an updated review of diagnostic investigations for suspected acute viral encephalitis.
  • To guide clinicians in differentiating viral encephalitis from other neurological conditions.
  • To highlight the importance of considering non-viral mimics.

Summary:

  • Viral encephalitis requires immediate medical attention, with prognosis influenced by host immunity and viral factors.
  • Herpes simplex virus encephalitis is a primary concern due to its severity and potential response to acyclovir.
  • Differential diagnosis must exclude metabolic, toxic, and non-infectious inflammatory encephalopathies, as well as other infectious agents.

Impact:

  • Facilitates timely and accurate diagnosis of viral encephalitis.
  • Improves patient management by guiding appropriate investigations.
  • Enhances clinical decision-making in emergency neurological presentations.