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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

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Published on: March 21, 2013

Cardiovascular adaptations to long-duration head-down bed rest.

Steven H Platts1, David S Martin, Michael B Stenger

  • 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SK, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA. steven.platts-1@nasa.gov

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bed rest alters cardiovascular function, decreasing plasma volume and impacting lower body vascularity. These changes mimic spaceflight effects, potentially contributing to orthostatic hypotension upon return.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • Orthostatic hypotension is a significant risk for astronauts post-spaceflight.
  • Cardiovascular deconditioning during spaceflight is not fully understood.
  • Bed rest serves as a ground-based model to study spaceflight-induced physiological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of bed rest on cardiovascular structure and function.
  • To compare bed rest-induced changes to known spaceflight effects.
  • To identify potential mechanisms underlying orthostatic hypotension.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen subjects underwent bed rest for up to 60 days.
  • Vascular and cardiac structure/function were assessed using ultrasound.
  • Orthostatic tolerance was evaluated via tilt testing.
  • Plasma volume and arterial responses were measured.

Main Results:

  • Plasma volume decreased by 15% within 7 days.
  • Lower body vascularity showed significant changes, including increased leg flow-mediated dilation and decreased tibial artery thickness.
  • Cardiac function parameters, such as isovolumic relaxation time, indicated reduced cardiac function.
  • A trend towards decreased orthostatic tolerance was observed after 60 days of bed rest.

Conclusions:

  • Bed rest induces cardiovascular structural and functional alterations similar to short-duration spaceflight.
  • Vascular changes were predominantly observed in the lower extremities.
  • These findings provide insights into the physiological adaptations that may lead to orthostatic hypotension in astronauts.