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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...

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Related Experiment Video

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Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
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Typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins--modulation by covalent transformations and noncovalent interactions.

Martin Aran1, Diego S Ferrero, Eduardo Pagano

  • 1Instituto Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The FEBS Journal
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

2-Cys peroxiredoxins are key antioxidant enzymes. Their cysteine modifications regulate cell signaling and defense against oxidative stress, integrating complex post-translational modifications.

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Published on: November 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx) are essential antioxidant enzymes lacking prosthetic groups.
  • They play crucial roles in defending against oxidative stress and modulating peroxide-activated signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical attributes of 2-Cys Prx.
  • To explore their integration into cell signaling through post-translational modifications and genetic studies.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical characterization of 2-Cys Prx.
  • Analysis of cysteine reactivity and higher oxidation states.
  • Integration of proteomic, genetic, and post-translational modification data.

Main Results:

  • 2-Cys Prx utilize reactive cysteines for redox defense and signaling.
  • Cysteine modifications extend beyond thiol-disulfide exchange to higher sulfur oxidation states.
  • Post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and acetylation regulate quaternary structure and function.
  • Novel phosphorylation of cysteine oxyacids forms sulfi(o)nic-phosphoryl anhydrides.

Conclusions:

  • 2-Cys Prx possess complex regulatory mechanisms involving cysteine chemistry and post-translational modifications.
  • These enzymes act as critical hubs integrating cellular redox status with signaling pathways.
  • Molecular models explain 2-Cys Prx involvement in vivo cell signaling.