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Biology and pathogenesis of the evolutionarily successful, obligate human bacterium Neisseria meningitidis

David S Stephens1

  • 1Emory University, Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences Center, 1440 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dstep01@emory.edu

Vaccine
|May 30, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) causes meningitis and sepsis, yet also lives harmlessly in humans. Understanding its dual nature is key for developing new vaccines against this successful pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Microbial pathogenesis
  • Bacteriology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is a leading cause of epidemic meningitis and sepsis.
  • It is also a successful human commensal, exclusively colonizing the nasopharynx.
  • The bacterium's dual role as commensal and pathogen presents a unique evolutionary case study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on meningococcal pathogenesis.
  • To explore factors influencing meningococcal carriage, transmission, and virulence.
  • To highlight the implications of this research for vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Neisseria meningitidis research.
  • Analysis of studies on meningococcal carriage and transmission dynamics.
  • Examination of virulence factors and host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • N. meningitidis exhibits complex pathogenesis, transitioning between commensalism and invasive disease.
  • Understanding carriage and transmission is crucial for controlling outbreaks.
  • Research highlights specific virulence mechanisms and host responses.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into meningococcal pathogenesis is vital for effective vaccine design.
  • Targeting virulence and transmission pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies.
  • The bacterium's evolutionary success as a human commensal informs strategies against its pathogenic potential.

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