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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains the...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
07:31

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies

Published on: September 1, 2023

Coarse-grained modeling of lipids.

Sandra V Bennun1, Matthew I Hoopes, Chenyue Xing

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review covers particle-based coarse-grained molecular models for phospholipid membranes at intermediate to large scales. It highlights their utility in studying lipid phase behavior and supported lipid bilayers.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Realistic Membrane Modeling Using Complex Lipid Mixtures in Simulation Studies
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Fabricating Multi-Component Lipid Nanotube Networks Using the Gliding Kinesin Motility Assay
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Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers
10:15

Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers

Published on: July 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Molecular modeling of phospholipids has advanced significantly.
  • Intermediate to large-scale membrane models are crucial for understanding complex lipid behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review particle-based coarse-grained molecular models for phospholipid membranes.
  • To discuss models with implicit and explicit solvents.
  • To explore connections between models, experiments, and fine-grained simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on particle-based coarse-grained models.
  • Consider models with implicit and explicit solvent treatments.
  • Exclude field descriptions on larger scales.

Main Results:

  • Detailed comparison of similarities and differences between various membrane models.
  • Demonstration of model applicability to lipid phase behavior studies.
  • Highlighting the necessity of large-scale models for supported lipid bilayers.

Conclusions:

  • Coarse-grained molecular models are essential tools for large-scale phospholipid membrane simulations.
  • These models provide valuable insights into lipid phase behavior and supported lipid bilayers.
  • The reviewed models bridge the gap between experimental data and fine-grained simulations.