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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Published on: September 30, 2021

HCC heterogeneity: molecular pathogenesis and clinical implications.

Emilia Fransvea1, Angelo Paradiso, Salvatore Antonaci

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.

Cellular Oncology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Cellular Oncology
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is challenging due to varied outcomes. Investigating epigenetic and molecular pathways, like those targeted by Sorafenib, can improve HCC therapy and patient prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research
  • Cancer epigenetics
  • Molecular oncology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant clinical outcome variability, complicating disease staging and prognosis.
  • This heterogeneity is linked to diverse underlying biological pathways.
  • Epigenetic modifications offer a novel avenue for understanding HCC's clinical variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the relevance of molecular differences and biological pathways in HCC clinical outcomes.
  • To explore a mechanistic and pathogenic approach for clarifying HCC's natural history.
  • To guide the development of personalized therapies for HCC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing molecular differences and their association with clinical outcomes in HCC.
  • Analyzing biological and molecular pathways regulating HCC progression.
  • Investigating epigenetic factors contributing to HCC heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Biological redundancies and multiple signaling molecules complicate targeted therapy selection in HCC.
  • Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targets key growth factors in the tumor microenvironment.
  • Understanding molecular insights is crucial for developing effective HCC treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the tumoral or peritumoral microenvironment with novel biological therapies is essential for combating HCC.
  • Sorafenib represents a new therapeutic approach for HCC, blocking critical growth factor functions.
  • Further research into molecular and pathogenic insights will drive the development of tailored HCC therapies.