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Related Concept Videos

Energy Balance01:19

Energy Balance

The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence the...
Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies00:51

Energy Budgets and Reproductive Strategies

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species reproduce only once in their lifetime, often investing most available resources into that single reproductive event. Iteroparous species, by contrast, reproduce multiple times over their lifetimes, typically allocating fewer resources to any single...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
06:57

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice

Published on: November 11, 2021

Resting energy expenditure changes with weight loss: racial differences.

Xuewen Wang1, Tongjian You, Leon Lenchik

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. xwang@dom.wustl.edu

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Weight loss similarly reduced resting energy expenditure (REE) in Black and White women. However, REE changes correlated with body composition changes in White women, but not in Black women after weight loss.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Determining Basal Energy Expenditure and the Capacity of Thermogenic Adipocytes to Expend Energy in Obese Mice
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Published on: November 11, 2021

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Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice

Published on: May 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Human Physiology
  • Metabolism
  • Body Composition

Background:

  • Resting energy expenditure (REE) is crucial for metabolic regulation.
  • Controversy exists regarding race-based differences in REE changes following weight loss.
  • Understanding these differences is vital for personalized weight management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if weight loss impacts REE differently in Black versus White postmenopausal women.
  • To determine the association between body composition changes and REE alterations within each racial group.

Main Methods:

  • A 20-week weight-loss intervention was conducted.
  • Body weight, lean mass, fat mass (total, limb, trunk), and REE were measured pre- and post-intervention.
  • Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and indirect calorimetry were utilized.

Main Results:

  • Weight loss similarly decreased absolute REE in both Black and White women.
  • In White women, baseline REE correlated with body weight and all measures of lean and fat mass.
  • Post-intervention, REE changes correlated with body weight and fat mass changes in White women, but not Black women.

Conclusions:

  • Weight loss leads to proportional REE reduction relative to lost fat and lean mass in White women.
  • This proportionality was not observed in Black women, suggesting distinct metabolic adaptations.
  • Findings highlight potential race-specific mechanisms influencing REE during weight loss.