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Related Concept Videos

Fast Reactions01:27

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
Chemical Reactions02:26

Chemical Reactions

A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in...
Limitations of Friedel–Crafts Reactions01:26

Limitations of Friedel–Crafts Reactions

Several restrictions limit the use of Friedel–Crafts reactions. First, the halogen in the alkyl halide must be attached to an sp3-hybridized carbon for the Friedel–Crafts reactions to occur. Vinyl or aryl halides do not react since the carbocations formed are unstable under the reaction conditions. Second, Friedel–Crafts alkylation is susceptible to carbocation rearrangement, and the major products obtained have a rearranged carbon skeleton. In contrast, the acylium ion is stabilized by...
Reversible or Opposing Reactions01:26

Reversible or Opposing Reactions

Reversible or opposing reactions play a crucial role in understanding the dynamic nature of chemical processes. While kinetics focuses on how reactions proceed, thermodynamics emphasizes that most reactions do not reach completion. Instead, a reverse reaction starts occurring over time, and when its rate equals that of the forward reaction, a dynamic equilibrium is established.For example, consider a simple chemical process where A forms B reversibly. The rate constants for the forward and...
Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...

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A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor
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A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

Asymmetric reactions in continuous flow.

Xiao Yin Mak1, Paola Laurino, Peter H Seeberger

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany.

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review covers asymmetric synthesis using continuous flow and microreactors. It explores applications in homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biocatalysis within flow systems.

Keywords:
asymmetric catalysisbiocatalysiscontinuous flowmicroreactorssolid phase synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Asymmetric synthesis is crucial for producing enantiomerically pure compounds.
  • Traditional batch methods present challenges in scalability and safety.
  • Continuous flow and microreactor technology offer potential advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of asymmetric synthesis in continuous flow.
  • To discuss the integration of various catalytic approaches (homogeneous, heterogeneous, biocatalysis) in flow systems.
  • To highlight the benefits and challenges of these technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on asymmetric synthesis in flow.
  • Analysis of applications involving homogeneous catalysts in flow.
  • Examination of heterogeneous catalysts and biocatalysts in microreactors.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of successful asymmetric transformations in continuous flow.
  • Examples of enhanced efficiency and selectivity using flow chemistry.
  • Overview of diverse catalytic systems adapted for flow conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous flow and microreactors are effective platforms for asymmetric synthesis.
  • These technologies enable safer, more efficient, and scalable production of chiral molecules.
  • Further development holds promise for broader industrial application.