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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Overlap syndrome: an indication for sleep studies? : A pilot study.

Marjery N López-Acevedo1, Alfonso Torres-Palacios, Maria Elena Ocasio-Tascón

  • 1VA Caribbean Healthcare System, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Overlap syndrome (OS), the combination of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is prevalent. Daytime hypercapnia correlates with severe sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoxemia in OS patients.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

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Published on: December 6, 2016

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Overlap syndrome (OS) combines obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), affecting 10-20% of OSA patients.
  • OS patients face increased risks of pulmonary hypertension and nocturnal hypoxemia compared to those with either condition alone.
  • Emerging evidence suggests continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for OSA may worsen coexistent COPD, highlighting the need for accurate OS identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of OS at our institution.
  • To investigate the association of OS with daytime hypercapnia, nocturnal hypoxemia, and the severity of OSA and COPD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patient records including polysomnography (PSG) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
  • Data collected: respiratory disturbance index (RDI), apnea index, lowest nocturnal desaturation, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio, arterial blood gases, and anthropometric measures.
  • Analysis included 73 patients meeting inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Of 73 analyzed patients, 36 had COPD, 52 had OSA, and 29 had OS.
  • No significant differences in average daytime partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) or RDI were found between OSA and OS groups.
  • Hypercapnia correlated significantly with worse RDI (p=0.01) and nocturnal desaturation (p=0.01) in all subjects.
  • Patients with FEV1 < 80% predicted showed higher RDI during REM sleep than those with FEV1 >= 80% (p=0.010).

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of OS in our study population aligns with previous reports.
  • Daytime hypercapnia is linked to more severe sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal hypoxemia in all patients studied.
  • Obstructive ventilatory impairment severity is associated with worse sleep-disordered breathing during REM sleep.
  • Further randomized trials are recommended to assess the necessity of PSG in severe COPD patients.