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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Murine Model of CD40-activation of B cells

Published on: March 5, 2010

A novel mutation in CD40 and its functional characterization.

Chun-Jian Qi¹, Lu Zheng, Hong-Bing Ma

¹Medical Biotechnology Institute and Clinical Immunology Laboratory for Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

|May 30, 2009

Summary

A novel CD40 mutation (p.H78Q) alters its function and binding affinity to CD40 Ligand (CD154). This discovery impacts understanding of CD40 signaling pathways in cellular responses.

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Generation of Human CD40-activated B cells

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Published on: October 16, 2009

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

CD40 is a crucial costimulatory protein involved in diverse cellular functions.
It regulates key responses such as proliferation, differentiation, growth suppression, and cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional impact of a novel CD40 mutant (c.234C>A or p.H78Q).
To analyze the structural and functional consequences of this mutation on CD40-CD40L interactions.

Main Methods:

Expression analysis of the CD40 mutant in U266 cell lines and tumor cells.
Three-dimensional structural modeling and Scatchard analysis to assess binding.
Functional assays to evaluate CD40 signalosome translocation and signal transduction.

Main Results:

The novel CD40 mutant (p.H78Q) was identified in U266 cells and tumor samples.
Structural analysis indicated the mutation affects the CD40L (CD154) binding region.
Functional studies confirmed the mutant CD40's involvement in CD40 signaling and translocation.

Conclusions:

CD40 mutations can significantly alter protein function.
The p.H78Q mutation affects CD40's antigen epitope and CD40L binding affinity.
This finding has implications for understanding CD40-mediated signaling in disease contexts.