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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 9, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Zygomatic nonunion after reduction malarplasty.

Yoon Ho Lee1, Sang Woo Lee

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|May 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduction malarplasty can lead to zygomatic nonunion, a serious complication. Surgeons must carefully consider fixation techniques to prevent this issue, especially with the intraoral approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Facial Reconstruction

Background:

  • Reduction malarplasty is a popular Asian cosmetic procedure for oval facial contouring.
  • The intraoral approach is favored for smaller incisions and shorter operation times compared to bicoronal approaches.

Observation:

  • The intraoral approach's narrow field can lead to incomplete zygomatic fixation.
  • Six cases of zygomatic nonunion post-malarplasty were observed, presenting with limited mouth opening and malar depression.

Findings:

  • All patients underwent successful correction via rib bone grafting and miniplate refixation through the prior intraoral incision.
  • Malar depression resolved in most cases, though lateral orbital rim depression persisted in one patient.
  • Postoperative exercises significantly improved mouth opening.

Implications:

  • Zygomatic nonunion is a challenging complication of reduction malarplasty.
  • Thorough anatomical understanding and meticulous fixation are crucial for successful intraoral malarplasty.
  • Further research into optimizing fixation methods for intraoral reduction malarplasty is warranted.