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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery
07:20

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery

Published on: February 28, 2020

New cytokine: stromal derived factor-1.

K Jaszczyñska-Nowinka1, A Markowska

  • 1Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. kjnowinka@onet.eu

European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Chemokines, like SDF-1, bind to receptors such as CXCR4, influencing cell functions. Targeting the SDF-1+CXCR4 complex shows promise for treating various carcinomas, including breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Oncology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Cytokines regulate essential cell functions like proliferation and migration.
  • Chemokines are pro-inflammatory chemotactic cytokines involved in physiological and pathological processes.
  • The SDF-1 chemokine and its receptor CXCR4 play a role in cancer metastasis and response to treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the SDF-1+CXCR4 complex in cancer.
  • To evaluate the potential of targeting the SDF-1+CXCR4 complex as a prognostic and therapeutic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cytokine and chemokine interactions.
  • Study of the SDF-1+CXCR4 complex in neoplastic processes.
  • Exploration of CXCR4 as a therapeutic target.

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Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
07:51

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery
07:20

A Novel Stromal Fibroblast-Modulated 3D Tumor Spheroid Model for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery

Published on: February 28, 2020

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
12:58

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
07:51

Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

Main Results:

  • The SDF-1+CXCR4 complex is significantly involved in the formation of cancer metastases.
  • This complex is implicated in the response to cytostatic therapies.
  • Identification of the SDF-1+CXCR4 complex can serve as a prognostic factor in carcinoma therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Blocking CXCR4 presents a novel therapeutic target for breast, ovarian, and cervical adenocarcinomas.
  • The SDF-1+CXCR4 complex holds prognostic value in carcinoma treatment.
  • Understanding chemokine-receptor interactions is crucial for developing targeted cancer therapies.