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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Related Experiment Video

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Generation and Characterization of Rat Uterus Organoids from Rat Endometrial Epithelial Stem Cells

Generation and Characterization of Rat Uterus Organoids from Rat Endometrial Epithelial Stem Cells

Published on: August 2, 2024

Developmental potential of rat extraembryonic stem cells.

Vasiliy Galat¹, Bert Binas, Stephen Iannaccone

¹Developmental Biology Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA. v-galat@northwestern.edu

Stem Cells and Development

|June 2, 2009

Summary

Rat extraembryonic endoderm precursor (XEN-P) cells exhibit unique molecular markers and contribute to multiple embryonic lineages. These stem cells offer a novel model for studying cell fate plasticity in early development.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Cellular Plasticity

Background:

Extraembryonic endoderm precursor (XEN-P) cells derived from rat blastocysts possess a unique molecular signature.
XEN-P cells share characteristics with embryonic stem cells (ES), trophoblast stem cells (TS), and extraembryonic endoderm stem cells (XEN).
These cells express markers such as AP, SSEA1, Oct4, Rex1, Eomes, and Gata6.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental potential and differentiation capacity of XEN-P cells.
To characterize the in vivo contribution of XEN-P cells to various embryonic and extraembryonic lineages.
To explore the unique culture properties and cellular phenotypes of XEN-P cells.

Main Methods:

In vitro culture of rat blastocyst-derived XEN-P cells.
Analysis of XEN-P cell molecular markers (AP, SSEA1, Oct4, Rex1, Eomes, Gata6).
In vivo studies involving cultured embryo aggregation and postimplantation embryo transfer to surrogate mothers.

Main Results:

XEN-P cells integrated into visceral and parietal extraembryonic endoderm, inner cell mass, primitive endoderm, and trophectoderm of cultured embryos.
Following transfer, XEN-P cells colonized the yolk sac and contributed to trophoblast lineages in postimplantation embryos.
XEN-P cell cultures exhibited unique propagation by shedding clusters and existed as interconvertible flat and round cell populations, with round cells preferentially expressing Oct4 and SSEA1.

Conclusions:

XEN-P cells demonstrate significant developmental plasticity and can contribute to diverse embryonic and extraembryonic lineages.
The observed phenotypes suggest XEN-P cells represent a metastable stage during inner cell mass segregation.
These findings provide a valuable model for studying cell fate plasticity and extraembryonic lineage development.