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Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

Accessory Structures of the Eye

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

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Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...

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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

[Controversies regarding the orbital septum].

M Stricker¹, J Pujo, E Simon

¹Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et plastique, hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, CO n(o) 34, 54035 Nancy cedex, France.

Annales De Chirurgie Plastique Et Esthetique

|June 2, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The orbital septum, crucial for facial anatomy, remains debated despite its clear physiological and pathological roles. Understanding its function within the broader facial soft tissue system is essential.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

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Endoscopic Septoplasty with Limited Two-line Resection: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Septal Deviation

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Published on: June 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Anatomy
Facial Surgery

Context:

The orbital septum is a long-recognized anatomical structure.
Its precise role and boundaries within facial anatomy are subjects of ongoing discussion.
The septum is integral to the facial soft tissue system.

Purpose:

To explore the anatomical and physiological significance of the orbital septum.
To address the ongoing controversy surrounding its classification and function.
To contextualize the orbital septum within the broader facial framework.

Summary:

The orbital septum, despite its historical recognition, is a point of anatomical debate.
Its physiological, anatomical, and pathological importance is significant.
It functions as a key component within the facial soft tissue organization, with the orbital frame acting as a pivot.

Impact:

Clarifies the anatomical and functional importance of the orbital septum.
Provides a framework for understanding the septum's role in facial structures.
Highlights the need for continued research into this debated anatomical feature.