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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Replication licensing and the DNA damage checkpoint.

Jeanette Gowen Cook1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Campus Box 7260, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. jean_cook@med.unc.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication coordination is vital for genome integrity. New research reveals ATM and ATR checkpoint pathways are closely linked to replication origins, even without DNA damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Accurate chromosomal DNA duplication is essential for maintaining genome integrity.
  • DNA replication must be coordinated with cellular processes that ensure genome stability.
  • DNA damage can significantly impact the early stages of DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the coordination between DNA replication and genome integrity.
  • To highlight the mechanisms linking DNA replication to DNA damage response pathways.
  • To explore the intricate relationship between checkpoint pathways and replication origins.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings in DNA replication and checkpoint control.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ATM and ATR checkpoint pathways.
  • Examination of proteins functioning at replication origins.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding how DNA damage affects early DNA replication.
  • The ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated) and ATR (Ataxia-Telangiectasia and Rad3-related) checkpoint pathways play crucial roles.
  • These pathways are intimately associated with proteins at replication origins, influencing coordination.

Conclusions:

  • Checkpoint pathways and DNA replication are more interconnected than previously thought.
  • This association is evident even in the absence of external DNA damage.
  • Recent insights reveal a deeper integration of replication control and genome integrity mechanisms.