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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
08:47

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

Published on: May 8, 2016

Chemokines in vasculitis.

Kevin Sean Eardley1, Stuart William Smith, Paul Cockwell

  • 1Renal Unit, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Mytton Oak Hospital, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition)
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic vasculitides involve blood vessel inflammation, often affecting kidneys and causing glomerulonephritis. Chemokines and their receptors play a key role in leukocyte infiltration during this small vessel vasculitis.

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Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
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Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
08:47

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

Published on: May 8, 2016

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions
10:56

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions

Published on: July 15, 2013

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
10:25

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Systemic vasculitides are inflammatory diseases targeting blood vessel walls, leading to diverse clinical outcomes.
  • Kidney involvement, especially in small vessel vasculitis, results in vasculitic glomerulonephritis.
  • Leukocyte infiltration, characterized by crescents, is a hallmark of this renal injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the chemokine network in renal disease within small vessel vasculitis.
  • To extend this understanding to non-renal manifestations of small vessel vasculitis and other systemic vasculitides.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on chemokine networks in vasculitis.
  • Analysis of leukocyte infiltration and receptor expression in renal vasculitis.

Main Results:

  • Chemokine and receptor expression influences leukocyte kinetics in vasculitic glomerulonephritis.
  • The chemokine network is implicated in both renal and non-renal aspects of small vessel vasculitis.

Conclusions:

  • The chemokine network is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of small vessel vasculitis, affecting renal and systemic manifestations.
  • Targeting chemokine pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for systemic vasculitides.