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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

Task demands moderate stereotype threat effects on memory performance.

Thomas M Hess1, Lisa Emery, Tara L Queen

  • 1Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7801, USA. thomas_hess@ncsu.edu

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Negative stereotypes about aging impair older adults' memory, especially under high time pressure. This stereotype threat effect on recognition memory was linked to subjective memory experiences.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Negative stereotypes about aging can impair older adults' cognitive functions.
  • Stereotype threat, the fear of confirming negative stereotypes, is a known psychological stressor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of stereotype threat on older adults' recognition memory.
  • To examine how task demands, specifically time constraints, moderate stereotype threat effects.
  • To explore the subjective experience of memory under stereotype threat.

Main Methods:

  • Older adults were exposed to either a stereotype threat or a non-threat condition.
  • Recognition memory was assessed under varying levels of task demands (high vs. minimal time constraints).
  • Subjective memory experiences were measured using 'remember'/'know' response ratios.

Main Results:

  • Stereotype threat significantly impaired recognition memory performance only when task demands were high (limited time).
  • Under high threat and high demands, participants showed a reduced 'remember' to 'know' response ratio, indicating a more superficial memory experience.
  • No significant effects of stereotype threat on memory were observed when task demands were minimal.

Conclusions:

  • Stereotype threat negatively impacts older adults' recognition memory, but this effect is contingent on task demands.
  • High performance constraints exacerbate stereotype threat effects on memory, influencing subjective memory quality.
  • Understanding these boundary conditions is crucial for mitigating stereotype influences on aging cognition.