[Enterobacter sakazakii in powdered infant food formulas]

Area of Science:

• Microbiology and Food Safety
• Emerging Foodborne Pathogens
• Neonatal Infections

Context:

• Cronobacter species, including "Enterobacter sakazakii" s. l., are recognized as emergent foodborne pathogens.
• These bacteria pose a significant risk for severe infections like meningitis, bacteremia, and necrotizing enterocolitis, particularly in vulnerable neonates (preterm, low-birth-weight, immunocompromised).
• Over 100 cases of Cronobacter infections in newborns have been documented in the last 50 years, highlighting the persistent threat.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements concerning Cronobacter species.
• To consolidate knowledge on taxonomy, physiology, pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, and detection/characterization methods.
• To examine the role of powdered infant formula as a primary transmission vehicle and discuss contamination control strategies.

Summary:

• This review synthesizes current knowledge on Cronobacter, an emergent foodborne pathogen.
• It covers taxonomy, pathogenicity, clinical cases, detection methods, and the critical link to infant formula contamination.
• Focuses on strategies to mitigate risks associated with Cronobacter in infant nutrition.

Impact:

• Informs researchers and public health authorities on Cronobacter risks and control.
• Guides the implementation of enhanced safety measures in infant formula production.
• Promotes awareness and good hygienic practices among caregivers to prevent infant infections.