Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

Induced Electric Dipoles

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...

Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment

Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment

Consider two charges of equal magnitude but opposite signs. If they cannot be separated by an external electric field, the system is called a permanent dipole. For example, the water molecule is a dipole, making it a good solvent.
Theoretically, studying electric dipoles leads to understanding why the resultant electric forces around us are weak. Since electric forces are strong, remnant net charges are rare. Hence, the interaction between dipoles helps us understand electrical interactions in...

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Lower-limb joint-coordination and coordination variability during gait in children with cerebral palsy.

Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon)·2022

Same author

Strength of Association between Infarct Volume and Clinical Outcome Depends on the Magnitude of Infarct Size: Results from the ESCAPE-NA1 Trial.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2021

Same author

Terahertz-field-induced polar charge order in electronic-type dielectrics.

Nature communications·2021

Same author

Is shortening of Tibialis Anterior in addition to calf muscle lengthening required to improve the active dorsal extension of the ankle joint in patients with Cerebral Palsy?

Gait & posture·2020

Same author

DISCRIMINATION METHOD FOR GAMMA RAY DOSES IN NEUTRON FIELDS USING AN IONIZATION CHAMBER WITH ATTENUATION FILTERS.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2019

Same author

Breast cancer subtype and survival by parity and time since last birth.

Breast cancer research and treatment·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Practical quantum key distribution with polarization entangled photons.

A Poppe, A Fedrizzi, R Ursin

|June 2, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the first real-world application of an entangled-state quantum cryptography system. The quantum key generated in real-time was immediately used for secure communication between two devices.

More Related Videos

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Quantum Information Science
Applied Cryptography
Network Security

Background:

Quantum cryptography offers enhanced security through fundamental physics principles.
Real-world implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) faces practical challenges.
Previous QKD systems have been limited in scope and real-time application.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the first real-world application of an entangled-state quantum cryptography system.
To test the feasibility of real-time quantum key generation and usage in a practical setting.
To integrate quantum cryptography with existing secure communication applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized an entangled-state quantum cryptography system.
Performed the full key generation protocol in real-time.
Employed two distributed embedded hardware devices connected via 1.45 km of optical fiber.
Installed the optical fiber in the Vienna sewage system for a real-world scenario.

Main Results:

Successfully operated an entangled-state quantum cryptography system in a real-world application for the first time.
Achieved real-time quantum key generation between distributed devices.
The generated quantum key was immediately utilized by a secure communication application.

Conclusions:

Entangled-state quantum cryptography is viable for real-world secure communication.
Real-time key generation and immediate application are achievable with current technology.
This experiment paves the way for practical quantum-secured networks.