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Related Concept Videos

Toroids01:27

Toroids

A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in the...
Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half has a uniform...
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
Dynamics Of Circular Motion: Applications01:17

Dynamics Of Circular Motion: Applications

Suppose a car moves on flat ground and turns to the left. The centripetal force causing the car to turn in a circular path is due to friction between the tires and the road. For this, a minimum coefficient of friction is needed, or the car will move in a larger-radius curve and leave the roadway. Let's now consider banked curves, where the slope of the road helps in negotiating the curve. The greater the angle of the curve, the faster one can take the curve. It is common for race tracks for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery
04:48

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

Optimal annulus structures of optical vortices.

Cheng-Shan Guo, Xuan Liu, Jing-Liang He

    Optics Express
    |June 2, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers propose an optimal annulus phase mask for creating clear optical vortex rings. This method allows for flexible generation of multi-optical vortices for advanced applications like optical tweezers.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics

    Background:

    • Optical vortices are beams with helical phase fronts, carrying orbital angular momentum.
    • Generating high-contrast, stable optical vortices is crucial for applications like optical tweezers and microscopy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose an optimal annulus structure phase mask for generating clear optical vortex rings with high contrast.
    • To investigate the dependence of vortex ring parameters on topological charge.
    • To extend the concept to generate multi-optical vortices for dynamic optical manipulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Designing an optimal annulus structure phase mask.
    • Analyzing the focusing of helical wavefronts generated by the mask.
    • Investigating the relationship between annulus width, vortex ring radius, and topological charge.

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    Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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    Published on: November 28, 2018

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    Published on: July 19, 2016

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    04:35

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  • Extending the design to multi-annulus structures for multi-vortex generation.

    • Main Results:

    • A clear optical vortex ring with high contrast is achieved.
    • Dependences of optimal annulus width and vortex ring radius on topological charge were determined.
    • Multi-optical vortices were successfully realized using a multi-annulus structure.
    • The ability to carry variable angular momentum flux in multi-vortex rings was demonstrated.
    • Optimal Gaussian beam spot size for high energy efficiency was found.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed optimal annulus phase mask provides a flexible method for generating high-contrast optical vortex rings.
    • The technique enables the creation of dynamic multi-optical vortices, suitable for advanced optical trapping applications.
    • This approach offers enhanced control over the properties of optical vortices, expanding design possibilities.