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Related Concept Videos

Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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An Optimized Protocol for Candida albicans Infection in Schmidtea mediterranea to Study Fungal Pathogenesis and Host Defense
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Candidal onychomycosis: a mini-review.

J A M S Jayatilake1, W M Tilakaratne, G J Panagoda

  • 1Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. sumedhaj@pdn.ac.lk

Mycopathologia
|June 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Candidal onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, is increasingly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals. Effective management involves immune support, antifungal treatment, and addressing predisposing factors for nail health.

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Published on: January 27, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent fungal nail infection, primarily caused by dermatophytes.
  • Candida species are emerging as significant secondary pathogens in onychomycosis.
  • Candidal onychomycosis disproportionately affects individuals with compromised immunity due to aging, diabetes, HIV, and certain medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of candidal onychomycosis.
  • To highlight the increasing role of Candida species in nail infections.
  • To discuss the virulence factors and diagnostic approaches for candidal onychomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on candidal onychomycosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including direct microscopy, culture, and histopathology.
  • Examination of clinical management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Candidal onychomycosis is associated with local and systemic immune deficiencies.
  • Virulence factors of Candida include adhesion, filamentation, enzyme secretion, and antifungal resistance.
  • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory investigations.
  • Management requires a multifaceted approach including immune restoration and antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Candidal onychomycosis is an emerging clinical concern, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Integrated management strategies are crucial for successful treatment outcomes.
  • Preventive measures focusing on nail hygiene and risk factor reduction are essential.