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Candidal onychomycosis: a mini-review

J A M S Jayatilake1, W M Tilakaratne, G J Panagoda

  • 1Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. sumedhaj@pdn.ac.lk

Mycopathologia
|June 2, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Candidal onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, is increasingly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals. Effective management involves immune support, antifungal treatment, and addressing predisposing factors for nail health.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Onychomycosis is a prevalent fungal nail infection, primarily caused by dermatophytes.
  • Candida species are emerging as significant secondary pathogens in onychomycosis.
  • Candidal onychomycosis disproportionately affects individuals with compromised immunity due to aging, diabetes, HIV, and certain medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of candidal onychomycosis.
  • To highlight the increasing role of Candida species in nail infections.
  • To discuss the virulence factors and diagnostic approaches for candidal onychomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on candidal onychomycosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including direct microscopy, culture, and histopathology.
  • Examination of clinical management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Candidal onychomycosis is associated with local and systemic immune deficiencies.
  • Virulence factors of Candida include adhesion, filamentation, enzyme secretion, and antifungal resistance.
  • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory investigations.
  • Management requires a multifaceted approach including immune restoration and antifungal therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Candidal onychomycosis is an emerging clinical concern, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Integrated management strategies are crucial for successful treatment outcomes.
  • Preventive measures focusing on nail hygiene and risk factor reduction are essential.

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