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Reading polymorphemic Dutch compounds: toward a multiple route model of lexical processing.

Victor Kuperman1, Robert Schreuder, Raymond Bertram

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. vicup@stanford.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study on Dutch compounds reveals that readers process both whole words and their parts simultaneously. Morphological cues influence word recognition, challenging existing models of lexical processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Understanding how humans process complex words (polymorphemic compounds) is crucial for models of language comprehension.
  • Previous models often assumed sequential processing of word components, which may not reflect real-time reading behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the time course of processing polymorphemic Dutch compounds using eye-tracking.
  • To determine the roles of full compound forms, constituent morphemes, and morphological families in visual lexical decision.

Main Methods:

  • An eye-tracking experiment was conducted with 2,500 polymorphemic Dutch compounds.
  • Participants performed a visual lexical decision task while their eye movements were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests simultaneous processing of full compounds and their constituent morphemes.
  • Compound frequency, left constituent frequency, and family size affected processing early on.
  • Right constituent frequency and family size effects emerged later, after the compound frequency effect.

Conclusions:

  • The observed temporal order of effects challenges existing assumptions in lexical processing models.
  • A new multiple-route model is proposed, emphasizing parallel and interactive use of morphological cues.
  • This model accounts for the immediate availability and use of morphological information during reading.