Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Rapid Identification of Pathogens01:25

Rapid Identification of Pathogens

MALDI-TOF MS has transformed clinical microbiology by offering a rapid and reliable method for pathogen identification. The traditional approach to microbial identification typically involves time-consuming culture techniques and biochemical tests, which can delay the initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. MALDI-TOF MS avoids these delays by using characteristic ribosomal protein mass patterns of microbial cells, enabling accurate species-level identification within minutes.Principle...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Buccal glands of adults of the lamprey Mordacia mordax, including comparisons with other species.

Journal of morphology·2018
Same author

Live and inactivated vaccine regimens against caecal Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in laying hens.

Australian veterinary journal·2016
Same author

Intradiscal Pressure Changes during Manual Cervical Distraction: A Cadaveric Study.

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM·2013
Same author

Classification of Salmonella enterica serotypes from Australian poultry using repetitive sequence-based PCR.

Journal of applied microbiology·2011
Same author

Survival Under Anesthesia.

Journal of the National Medical Association·2010
Same author

A validated miniaturized MPN method, based on ISO 6579:2002, for the enumeration of Salmonella from poultry matrices.

Journal of applied microbiology·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
09:44

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Published on: December 23, 2022

Cronobacter ('Enterobacter sakazakii'): current status and future prospects.

J W Chenu1, J M Cox

  • 1Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Letters in Applied Microbiology
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cronobacter, formerly Enterobacter sakazakii, is an emerging pathogen found in milk powder. This review covers its food safety, risks to neonates, and management in powdered infant formula production.

More Related Videos

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat
05:34

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat

Published on: February 23, 2024

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
06:34

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS

Published on: July 11, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
09:44

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing

Published on: December 23, 2022

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat
05:34

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat

Published on: February 23, 2024

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
06:34

Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS

Published on: July 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Food Safety
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cronobacter spp. are emerging opportunistic pathogens, previously known as Enterobacter sakazakii.
  • These bacteria are occasional contaminants of milk powder, posing a significant health risk to neonates through powdered infant formula.
  • Understanding Cronobacter is crucial for infant health and food safety regulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the food safety of Cronobacter, with a specific focus on powdered infant formula.
  • To discuss sources of contamination, the ecology of Cronobacter, and its disease characteristics.
  • To outline risk management strategies and identify future research directions for controlling Cronobacter in production environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on Cronobacter.
  • Synthesis of information regarding contamination sources, bacterial ecology, and pathogenicity.
  • Analysis of existing and proposed risk management strategies in food production.

Main Results:

  • Cronobacter represents a significant health risk, particularly to vulnerable neonates, via contaminated powdered infant formula.
  • Key areas of concern include contamination sources, environmental persistence, and transmission routes.
  • Effective risk management requires a multi-faceted approach throughout the production process.

Conclusions:

  • Cronobacter is a critical food safety concern in powdered infant formula, necessitating stringent control measures.
  • Further research is needed to enhance management strategies and minimize the risk of contamination in production environments.
  • Continued vigilance and scientific investigation are essential to protect infant health from Cronobacter infections.