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Related Concept Videos

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
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Published on: February 8, 2022

Caudal septal deviation.

Jason Haack1, Ira D Papel

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical correction of a deviated nasal septum, particularly the caudal portion, can be challenging. Tailoring surgical techniques to the specific deformity is crucial for optimal outcomes in nasal obstruction and aesthetic correction.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Facial Plastic Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The nasal septum's anatomy and function are often misunderstood.
  • Deviations in the caudal septum can lead to nasal obstruction, crooked nose, and columellar irregularities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in correcting caudal nasal septum deviations.
  • To emphasize the need for tailored surgical approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of surgical options for caudal nasal septum deviation.
  • Discussion of tailoring procedures to specific deformities.

Main Results:

  • Correction of severe caudal septal deviations presents significant surgical difficulty.
  • A range of techniques exist for managing mild to severe deflections.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical correction of caudal nasal septum deviation requires individualized treatment plans.
  • Skilled surgeons must master multiple techniques to address diverse deformities effectively.