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Altered vision destabilizes gait in older persons.

Jorunn L Helbostad1, Beatrix Vereijken, Karin Hesseberg

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. jorunn.helbostad@ntnu.no

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Visual impairments significantly impact gait in older adults, causing slower speeds and instability. Addressing vision issues is crucial for maintaining safe mobility in seniors.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Aging is often associated with visual decline, which can affect mobility and increase fall risk.
  • Understanding how specific visual impairments influence gait parameters is essential for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of dim light and experimentally induced visual deficits on gait speed and trunk/footfall parameters in older adults.
  • To identify which specific visual impairments (reduced depth, double, blurred, or tunnel vision) most significantly affect gait.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental design was employed with 24 older adults (mean age 78.5 years).
  • Gait characteristics were measured under full light, dim light, and dim light with simulated visual impairments using electronic gait mats and accelerometers.
  • Outcome measures included gait speed, footfall parameters, and trunk acceleration.

Main Results:

  • Dim light alone did not affect gait. However, vision manipulations in dim light altered most footfall parameters and some trunk parameters.
  • Double vision and tunnel vision had the most pronounced effects on gait.
  • Gender differences were observed: men increased gait speed while women decreased it; differences also noted in stride velocity and trunk acceleration variability.

Conclusions:

  • Visual impairments, even under simple walking conditions, lead to more cautious and unstable gait patterns in older adults.
  • The findings underscore the importance of assessing and correcting visual impairments in older individuals to enhance mobility and reduce fall risk.