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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging
07:29

Determination of Molecular Structures of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automated Sub-tomogram Averaging

Published on: December 1, 2011

HIV decision support: from molecule to man.

P M A Sloot1, Peter V Coveney, G Ertaylan

  • 1Computational Science, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.m.a.sloot@uva.nl

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ViroLab is a new decision-support system designed to manage the complexity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. It offers personalized drug ranking and aids clinical decisions by integrating multiscale computational models.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Published on: December 1, 2011

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Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
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Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) presents a complex, multiscale challenge due to its dynamic nature across biological levels.
  • Advancements in antiretroviral therapy and genetic screening have improved patient outcomes but managing HIV complexity remains difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an interactive framework and decision-support system for researchers and clinicians managing HIV.
  • To provide tools for understanding and quantifying the multiscale complexities of HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of 'ViroLab', a collaborative decision-support system integrating computational models.
  • Models span atomic-level interactions to epidemiological scales, covering nanoseconds to years.
  • System facilitates personalized drug ranking and clinical decision-making.

Main Results:

  • ViroLab integrates diverse computational models covering multiple spatial and temporal scales.
  • The system enables personalized drug ranking for HIV treatment.
  • ViroLab is currently undergoing trials in European hospitals and laboratories.

Conclusions:

  • ViroLab offers a multidisciplinary approach to address the complexity of HIV.
  • The system provides valuable tools for both research and clinical decision-making in HIV management.
  • Ongoing trials are expected to validate the system's utility in real-world settings.