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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo
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Published on: September 22, 2017

The optic nerve head in hereditary optic neuropathies.

Evelyn C O'Neill1, David A Mackey, Paul P Connell

  • 1Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. evelynoneill@yahoo.com

Nature Reviews. Neurology
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Hereditary optic neuropathies cause vision loss and share optic nerve head changes. Differentiating these conditions is key for diagnosis and patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Hereditary optic neuropathies are a significant cause of vision impairment in all age groups.
  • These conditions often present with similar clinical features, particularly affecting the optic nerve head morphology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common optic nerve head features in hereditary optic neuropathies.
  • To describe distinguishing features for accurate diagnosis and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on hereditary optic neuropathies.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics and imaging findings related to the optic nerve head.

Main Results:

  • Hereditary optic neuropathies exhibit shared morphological changes at the optic nerve head.
  • Specific diagnostic criteria and imaging findings can differentiate between various types.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of hereditary optic neuropathies relies on patient history, visual field testing, optic disc examination, and imaging.
  • Understanding characteristic optic nerve head features is crucial for effective patient management and genetic counseling.