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A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

High-efficiency continuous-wave Raman conversion with a BaWO(4) Raman crystal.

Li Fan¹, Ya-Xian Fan, Yu-Qiang Li

¹Department of Physics and Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.

|June 3, 2009

Summary

We achieved efficient continuous-wave Raman conversion using a Barium Wolframate (BaWO4) crystal in a diode-pumped laser. This method demonstrates a low threshold and high output power for Raman lasers.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Laser Physics
Materials Science

Background:

Continuous-wave (cw) Raman conversion is crucial for generating new laser wavelengths.
Diode-pumped solid-state lasers offer compact and efficient light sources.
Barium Wolframate (BaWO4) is a promising material for nonlinear optical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate high-efficiency cw Raman conversion using a BaWO4 crystal.
To investigate the performance of a diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser system with intracavity Raman conversion.
To characterize the Raman threshold, output power, and conversion efficiencies.

Main Methods:

Utilized a diode-end-pumped Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) laser.
Incorporated a BaWO4 crystal for intracavity Raman shifting.
Operated the system in a continuous-wave (cw) mode.
Measured diode power, fundamental laser output, and first-order Stokes Raman output.

Main Results:

Achieved a low Raman threshold of 3.6 W of diode power at 808 nm.
Obtained a maximum output power of 3.36 W at the 1,180 nm first-order Stokes line.
Reported a slope efficiency of 15.3% and a diode-to-Stokes optical conversion efficiency of 13.2%.
Attained an intracavity Raman conversion efficiency of 21.5% relative to the fundamental output.

Conclusions:

The BaWO4 crystal enables high-efficiency cw Raman conversion in a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser system.
The demonstrated low threshold and high conversion efficiency make this a viable approach for generating specific laser wavelengths.
This work highlights the potential of BaWO4 for efficient solid-state Raman laser development.