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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography
11:21

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Published on: January 15, 2013

High speed full range complex spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Erich Götzinger, Michael Pircher, Rainer Leitgeb

    Optics Express
    |June 3, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a high-speed spectral domain optical coherence tomography system. This advanced imaging method accurately visualizes the human eye's anterior chamber in vivo, achieving 10,000 depth profiles per second.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical optics
    • Ophthalmic imaging
    • Medical instrumentation

    Background:

    • Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a key imaging modality.
    • Distinguishing between positive and negative optical path differences is crucial for accurate depth profiling.
    • Existing SD-OCT methods face challenges in image quality and speed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a high-speed, full-range SD-OCT system.
    • To improve the accuracy of depth measurements in OCT imaging.
    • To enable real-time in vivo imaging of the human eye's anterior chamber.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented a phase modulator in the reference arm to introduce a 90-degree phase shift.
    • Utilized a modified two-frame algorithm to process spectral data.
    • Achieved high A-scan rates for rapid data acquisition.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully distinguished between negative and positive optical path differences.
    • Eliminated the issue of suppressing symmetric structure terms in OCT images.
    • Demonstrated in vivo imaging of the human eye's anterior chamber at 10,000 A-scans per second.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed high-speed, full-range SD-OCT system offers superior performance for ophthalmic imaging.
    • The novel phase modulation and algorithm approach enhances depth measurement accuracy.
    • This technology has the potential for advanced clinical diagnostics and research in ophthalmology.