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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers.
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Triangular tricopper(I) clusters supported by donor-substituted triazacyclohexanes.

Randolf D Köhn1, Lorena Tomás Laudo, Zhida Pan

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UKBA2 7AY. r.d.kohn@bath.ac.uk

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|June 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New triazacyclohexane ligands form stable triangular copper clusters. These complexes, featuring pyridyl or thioether groups, show potential for various applications due to their robust structure and tunable halide bridges.

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Inorganic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Triazacyclohexanes are versatile macrocyclic ligands with applications in coordination chemistry.
  • Copper clusters exhibit unique electronic and catalytic properties relevant to various chemical transformations.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships of metal complexes is crucial for designing new materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel triangular tri-copper clusters using functionalized triazacyclohexanes.
  • To investigate the structural and electronic properties of these copper clusters.
  • To explore the stability and reactivity of the synthesized complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of triazacyclohexanes with copper(I) halides (CuX) in acetonitrile.
  • Structural determination using X-ray crystallography for key complexes.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for electronic structure analysis and NMR assignment confirmation.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of triangular tri-copper clusters [R(3)TAC(CuX)(3)] with pyridyl and thioether N-substituents.
  • Crystal structures reveal halide-bridged Cu(3) cores capped by triazacyclohexane and stabilized by pendant arm coordination.
  • Thioether complexes demonstrate stability in air and water; halide exchange reactions are feasible.

Conclusions:

  • Triazacyclohexanes effectively template the formation of stable triangular tri-copper halide clusters.
  • The coordination environment and pendant arms significantly influence cluster stability and properties.
  • DFT calculations provide insights into the electronic structure, complementing experimental findings.