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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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Rhinosinusitis in HIV-infected children undergoing antiretroviral therapy

Carlos Diógenes Pinheiro Neto1, Raimar Weber, Bernardo Cunha Araújo-Filho

  • 1Divisão de Clínica Otorrinolaringológica, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Oftalmologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|June 3, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Protease inhibitors (PI) in antiretroviral therapy improve CD4+ counts in children with HIV. PI use is linked to a lower prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (RS) in young children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Immunology
  • HIV/AIDS research

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV care.
  • Protease inhibitors (PI) are a key component of modern ART regimens.
  • Understanding the impact of PI on opportunistic infections and immune status in children is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of protease inhibitors (PI) on rhinosinusitis (RS) prevalence in HIV-infected children.
  • To assess the impact of PI on CD4+ lymphocyte counts in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study analyzing medical charts of 471 HIV-infected children.
  • Comparison of RS prevalence and CD4+ counts between children who received PI post-1996 and those who did not.
  • Categorization of RS into acute and chronic forms.

Main Results:

  • Rhinosinusitis (RS) was present in 14.4% of HIV-infected children, with chronic RS being more common than acute RS.
  • Children under 6 receiving PI showed a higher prevalence of acute RS.
  • PI-associated ART correlated with increased mean CD4+ lymphocyte counts and decreased chronic RS prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Protease inhibitor (PI) use in antiretroviral therapy is associated with higher mean CD4+ lymphocyte counts.
  • In HIV-infected children under 6, ART with PI was linked to a reduced likelihood of developing chronic rhinosinusitis (RS).
Abstract

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