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Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Versatile Technique to Produce a Hierarchical Design in Nanoporous Gold

Versatile Technique to Produce a Hierarchical Design in Nanoporous Gold

Published on: February 10, 2023

Nanogold: a quantitative phase map.

Amanda S Barnard¹, Neil P Young, Angus I Kirkland

¹CSIRO Materials Science & Engineering, Clayton, Australia. amanda.barnard@csiro.au

|June 4, 2009

Summary

Scientists created the first quantitative phase map for gold nanoparticles, crucial for developing advanced nanotechnologies. This map precisely details nanoparticle behavior across various conditions, aiding future design and environmental impact assessments.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Precise control over nanoparticle size, shape, and structure is vital for next-generation nanotechnologies.
Understanding nanoparticle behavior in synthesis, operation, and disposal environments is essential.
Existing nanoscale phase diagrams lack quantitative data on surface effects and critical diameter.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the first quantitative equilibrium phase map for gold nanoparticles.
To include surface effects and critical diameter alongside temperature and pressure.
To provide a tool for precise control in nanotechnology development.

Main Methods:

Relativistic ab initio thermodynamics calculations.
In situ high-resolution electron microscopy.
Experimental verification at elevated temperatures.

Main Results:

A comprehensive quantitative equilibrium phase map for gold nanoparticles was successfully generated.
The map accurately predicts nanoparticle behavior under varying conditions.
Experimental data validated the theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

The developed phase map is a significant advancement for nanotechnology.
It enables precise control over gold nanoparticle properties.
This research facilitates the design of safer and more effective nanomaterials.