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Screening antioxidants using LC-MS: case study with cocoa.

Angela I Calderón¹, Brian J Wright, W Jeffrey Hurst

¹Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

|June 4, 2009

Summary

A new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay rapidly identifies and quantifies antioxidants in foods. Cocoa procyanidins, particularly dimers and trimers, show potent antioxidant activity, offering health benefits against oxidative stress.

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Area of Science:

Food Science
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry

Background:

Oxidative stress contributes to chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
Dietary antioxidants offer a potential countermeasure to oxidative stress.
A need exists for rapid methods to assess antioxidant capacity in food products.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid assay for identifying and quantifying antioxidants in complex natural product samples.
To evaluate the antioxidant potential of specific compounds in food extracts.
To compare the antioxidant activity of different antioxidant species.

Main Methods:

Development of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay.
Comparison of LC-MS profiles before and after reactive oxygen species treatment (hydrogen peroxide, DPPH radical).

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Identification of antioxidants using LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, accurate mass measurement, and reference standards.

Main Results:

Methanolic cocoa extracts were analyzed, revealing procyanidins as potent antioxidants.
Catechin and epicatechin were the most abundant antioxidants, followed by their dimers and trimers.
Cocoa trimers and dimers, such as procyanidin B2, demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity.

Conclusions:

The novel LC-MS assay enables rapid identification and relative antioxidant activity determination of individual species in food products.
Procyanidins in cocoa are significant contributors to its antioxidant benefits.
This method aids in evaluating the health benefits of antioxidant-rich foods.