Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026
10:40
Characterization of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Secretion Using a CD63-GFP Reporter Mouse Model In Vivo and In Vitro
Published on: December 5, 2025
Adiponectin downregulates CD163 whose cellular and soluble forms are elevated in obesity
D Sporrer1, M Weber, J Wanninger
1Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|June 4, 2009
Summary
Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is elevated in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While adiponectin reduces CD163 in vitro, inflammatory factors like IL-6 may be more significant in vivo for this immune marker.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Cell Biology
Background:
- CD163 is a macrophage receptor; its soluble form (sCD163) is a marker of inflammation.
- Obesity is linked to chronic inflammation and reduced adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine.
- Adiponectin, AICAR, and metformin activate AMP-kinase, known for anti-inflammatory effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of adiponectin and AMP-kinase activating drugs on monocytic CD163.
- To determine cellular and soluble CD163 levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Main Methods:
- Monocytes were treated with adiponectin, AICAR, or metformin.
- Monocytes and serum were collected from T2D patients, overweight, and normal-weight controls.
- Cellular CD163 was analyzed by immunoblot; sCD163 was quantified using ELISA in cell supernatants and patient serum.
Main Results:
- Adiponectin decreased cellular and surface CD163 in vitro; metformin and AICAR also downregulated CD163.
- Monocytic CD163 levels were higher in T2D and obese individuals.
- Serum sCD163 was significantly elevated in obese and T2D patients, correlating positively with IL-6.
Conclusions:
- Monocytic and systemic sCD163 are elevated in T2D and obesity.
- Adiponectin reduces CD163 in vitro, but obesity-related factors like IL-6 may play a more critical role in vivo.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:24Obesity
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
01:15Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR activation may...
01:28Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but this inhibition is released...