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Related Concept Videos

Production of Antibiotics01:27

Production of Antibiotics

Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis01:23

Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis

Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

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Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis01:28

Inhibitors of Bacterial DNA Synthesis

Bacterial pathogens depend on precise and efficient DNA replication to sustain infection. Two type II topoisomerases—DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV—are critical to this process, as they resolve DNA supercoiling and unlink chromosomes during replication. Fluoroquinolones, synthetic derivatives of quinolones, exploit this mechanism by stabilizing the transient DNA–enzyme cleavage complex, preventing strand religation, and causing lethal double-strand breaks. These antibiotics are selectively...
Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform
10:49

Antibiotic Dereplication Using the Antibiotic Resistance Platform

Published on: October 17, 2019

Ceftobiprole: a new beta-lactam antibiotic.

R A Stein1, R M Goetz, G M Ganea

  • 1Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ras2@princeton.edu

International Journal of Clinical Practice
|June 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Ceftobiprole, a new antibiotic effective against MRSA, shows promise for treating skin infections and pneumonia. Clinical trials confirm its non-inferiority to vancomycin, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective therapeutic option.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), poses significant global health challenges.
  • Developing new antibiotics is time-consuming and costly, necessitating judicious use and extended shelf life of existing and novel agents.
  • Ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, has received an approvable letter from the FDA for its activity against MRSA and other pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinically relevant findings on ceftobiprole from in vitro studies, animal models, and phase III clinical trials.
  • To highlight the advantages and limitations of ceftobiprole as a therapeutic option.
  • To discuss the potential role of ceftobiprole in combating antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro susceptibility testing against various pathogens.
  • Efficacy evaluation in animal models of infection.
  • Analysis of data from completed phase III clinical trials comparing ceftobiprole with standard treatments.

Main Results:

  • Ceftobiprole exhibits broad-spectrum activity, including against MRSA and other Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
  • The antibiotic demonstrates a low propensity for resistance selection and a favorable safety profile.
  • Phase III trials show ceftobiprole is non-inferior to vancomycin for treating complicated skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • Ceftobiprole is a promising parenteral antibiotic for treating serious infections, including those caused by MRSA.
  • Its efficacy, safety, and favorable resistance profile support its role in clinical practice.
  • Further understanding and judicious use of ceftobiprole are crucial in addressing antimicrobial resistance.