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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

Published on: March 8, 2012

Age-based programs for vaccination against HPV.

Elamin H Elbasha¹, Erik J Dasbach, Ralph P Insinga

¹Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., NorthWales, PA, USA. elamin_elbasha@merck.com

Value in Health : the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

|June 4, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting girls and women aged 12-24 for quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is most effective. This strategy significantly reduces HPV-related diseases and is cost-effective compared to other healthcare programs.

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Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

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Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus

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Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization as a Tool for HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis

Published on: June 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Public Health
Vaccinology

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection risk escalates with age, necessitating targeted vaccination strategies.
The introduction of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine (types 6/11/16/18) requires defining optimal age groups for catch-up vaccination programs.
Informing vaccine policy requires understanding the impact of different age-group targeting for HPV vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of various female HPV vaccination strategies in the United States.
To assess the impact of targeting specific age cohorts for catch-up HPV vaccination programs.
To determine the optimal age range for HPV vaccination to maximize public health benefits.

Main Methods:

A mathematical population dynamic model simulating HPV transmission and disease outcomes was employed.
Cost-utility analysis was conducted to assess the economic value of different vaccination strategies.
The model incorporated age-structured populations, sexual activity, and disease progression for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical cancer, and genital warts.

Main Results:

Vaccinating females aged 12-24 years proved most effective, significantly reducing HPV-related genital warts, CIN grades 2/3, and cervical cancer cases over 25 years.
This strategy led to substantial reductions: 3,049,285 fewer genital warts, 1,399,935 fewer CIN cases, and 30,021 fewer cervical cancer cases.
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for vaccinating 12-24 year olds compared to 12-19 year olds was $10,986 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

Conclusions:

Vaccinating girls and women aged 12-24 years is the most effective strategy for reducing HPV-related diseases.
This HPV vaccination strategy demonstrates cost-effectiveness when compared to established healthcare interventions.
The findings support the implementation of broad catch-up HPV vaccination programs targeting young women up to age 24.