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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
05:35

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization

Published on: April 19, 2017

Segmental production in Mandarin-learning infants.

Li-Mei Chen1, Raymond D Kent

  • 1National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC.

Journal of Child Language
|June 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mandarin-learning infants show universal patterns in early vocal development, alongside language-specific influences on vowel and consonant production. This sensitivity to ambient language emerges even before their first words.

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Area of Science:

  • Phonetics and Phonology
  • Developmental Linguistics
  • Child Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Early vocalizations in infants transition from babbling to first words.
  • Understanding language-specific influences on infant sound production is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early development of vocalic and consonantal production in Mandarin-learning infants.
  • To identify universal and language-specific patterns in infant vocalizations.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded spontaneous vocalizations from 24 infants (aged 0;7-1;6) in two groups.
  • Collected infant-directed speech from 24 caregivers.
  • Phonetically transcribed vocalizations into broad vowel and consonant categories.

Main Results:

  • Vocalic development showed universal patterns (e.g., prominence of [symbol: see text] and [symbol: see text], low/mid vowels over high) and language-specific patterns (e.g., early acquisition of [symbol: see text]).
  • Consonantal development revealed universal patterns (labials/alveolars frequent, nasals early) and language-specific patterns (alveolars prominent, early affricates).
  • Both universal and language-specific features persisted from infancy to toddlerhood, indicating early sensitivity to Mandarin.

Conclusions:

  • Infants learning Mandarin exhibit both universal and language-specific vocal production patterns.
  • Sensitivity to the ambient language environment influences infant vocalizations from an early age.
  • Developmental changes show a continuum towards the adult Mandarin sound system.