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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Transmitting Plant Viruses Using Whiteflies
Published on: November 8, 2013
The effect of transmission route on plant virus epidemic development and disease control
Michael J Jeger1, Laurence V Madden, Frank van den Bosch
1Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK. m.jeger@imperial.ac.uk
Abstract:
A model for indirect vector transmission and epidemic development of plant viruses is extended to consider direct transmission through vector mating. A basic reproduction number is derived which is the sum of the R(0) values specific for three transmission routes. We analyse the model to determine the effect of direct transmission on plant disease control directed against indirect transmission. Increasing the rate of horizontal sexual transmission means that vector control rate or indirect transmission rate must be increased/decreased substantially to maintain R(0) at a value less than 1. By contrast, proportionately increasing the probability of transovarial transmission has little effect. Expressions are derived for the steady-state values of the viruliferous vector population. There is clear advantage for an insect virus in indirect transmission to plants, especially where the sexual and transovarial transmission rates are low; however information on virulence-transmissibility relationships is required to explain the evolution of a plant virus from an insect virus.
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