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Related Concept Videos

Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
06:44

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2021

At loose ends: resecting a double-strand break.

Kara A Bernstein1, Rodney Rothstein

  • 1Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Genetics & Development, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Cell
|June 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Genomic integrity relies on repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through precise 5' end processing. New research illuminates the mechanisms governing this crucial DNA repair step in homologous recombination pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • DNA Repair Mechanisms

Background:

  • Maintaining genomic integrity is essential for cell survival and preventing mutations.
  • Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly toxic DNA lesions that must be accurately repaired.
  • Homologous recombination (HR) is a major pathway for repairing DSBs, particularly in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying 5' DSB end processing during homologous recombination.
  • To investigate the regulation of DNA end processing factors involved in DSB repair.
  • To provide a deeper understanding of how cells maintain genomic stability through HR-mediated DSB repair.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced molecular biology techniques to study DNA end processing.

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Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native &#947;H2A.X ChIP
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Capturing Common Fragile Site Breaks by Native &#947;H2A.X ChIP
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Published on: January 24, 2025

  • Employed genetic approaches to identify and characterize key regulatory proteins.
  • Performed biochemical assays to analyze the interactions and functions of repair factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified novel factors and pathways involved in the processing of 5' DSB ends.
    • Characterized the precise order of events and regulatory checkpoints in DNA end processing.
    • Demonstrated the critical role of specific nucleases and helicases in preparing DSB ends for HR.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings significantly advance our understanding of the intricate mechanism of DNA end processing in DSB repair.
    • This research highlights the complex regulation ensuring accurate and efficient homologous recombination.
    • The study provides a foundation for future investigations into genome stability and potential therapeutic targets for diseases involving DNA repair defects.