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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a low‐energy SOMO, which interacts...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Fast and Specific Assessment of the Halogenating Peroxidase Activity in Leukocyte-enriched Blood Samples
05:17

Fast and Specific Assessment of the Halogenating Peroxidase Activity in Leukocyte-enriched Blood Samples

Published on: July 28, 2016

Evidence for hydroxyl radical generation by human Monocytes.

S J Weiss, G W King, A F LoBuglio

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |August 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human monocytes generate hydroxyl radical during phagocytosis, a key process in bacterial killing. This finding aids in understanding leukocyte inflammatory and bactericidal activities.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cellular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Phagocytic leukocytes use oxygen-dependent mechanisms for bactericidal activity.
    • Reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide are generated during phagocytosis.
    • These species may interact to form hydroxyl radical and other reactive molecules.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the generation of hydroxyl radical by human monocytes during phagocytosis.
    • To explore the role of reactive oxygen species in leukocyte bactericidal mechanisms.
    • To validate a novel assay for studying phagocyte metabolic events.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an ethylene generation assay from methional to detect hydroxyl radical.
    • Human monocytes were subjected to phagocytosis of zymosan particles.

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    Published on: October 17, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jul 17, 2026

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    05:17

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    Published on: July 28, 2016

    Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions
    09:41

    Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

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  • Assayed the impact of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide modulators and hydroxyl radical scavengers on ethylene generation.
  • Examined ethylene generation in monocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and in the presence of azide.

    • Main Results:

    • Human monocytes generated hydroxyl radical or a similar agent during zymosan particle phagocytosis.
    • Ethylene generation was reduced by agents affecting superoxide or hydrogen peroxide levels.
    • Hydroxyl radical scavengers also impaired ethylene production.
    • Azide enhanced ethylene generation, indicating no dependence on myeloperoxidase.
    • Monocytes from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease did not generate ethylene.

    Conclusions:

    • Human monocytes produce hydroxyl radical during phagocytosis, contributing to bactericidal activity.
    • The ethylene generation assay is a viable method for studying reactive oxygen species in phagocytes.
    • This assay can help elucidate metabolic events in leukocyte-mediated inflammation and bacterial killing.