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Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material
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Basal-like breast carcinoma: from expression profiling to routine practice.

Emad Rakha1, Jorge S Reis-Filho

  • 1Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|June 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Basal-like breast cancers are a distinct subtype with unique features and poor prognosis, despite good response to chemotherapy. Identifying these tumors in practice remains challenging due to a lack of standardized definitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Breast cancer heterogeneity is increasingly recognized, driven by molecular and genetic insights.
  • High-throughput molecular studies have identified basal-like breast cancers as a distinct subtype with unique characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinicopathologic features of basal-like breast cancer.
  • To discuss morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics.
  • To explore identification criteria for routine practice.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive Medline/PubMed literature search was performed.
  • Search terms included "basal-like" and "(basal OR basaloid OR basal-like) AND breast cancer."
  • English-language articles were retrieved and critically reviewed.

Main Results:

  • Basal-like breast cancers are a distinct, heterogeneous group with specific histology and poor prognosis.
  • These tumors share features with BRCA1-associated cancers; most BRCA1 mutation carriers develop basal-like tumors.
  • Molecularly, they exhibit a unique transcriptome with basal/myoepithelial cell gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Basal-like breast cancers present a distinct clinical and molecular entity.
  • Despite high neoadjuvant chemotherapy response rates, prognosis is poor.
  • Standardized definitions and identification methods are lacking for clinical implementation.