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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

Overview
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

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Related Experiment Videos

Primary osteoporosis.

Nick Bishop1

  • 1Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK. n.j.bishop@shef.ac.uk

Endocrine Development
|June 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the main cause of primary osteoporosis in children, leading to bone fragility and fractures. Management requires a multidisciplinary team and bisphosphonate treatment has revolutionized care.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Primary osteoporosis in children is frequently caused by osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).
  • OI encompasses a group of genetic disorders affecting type I collagen synthesis or processing.
  • OI severity ranges from mild bone fragility to severe intrauterine fractures and deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of primary osteoporosis in children, focusing on osteogenesis imperfecta.
  • To discuss the diagnosis, management, and treatment of OI in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on personal and family history, physical examination, and supportive DXA scans.
  • Genetic testing and bone biopsy may aid diagnosis but are not routinely performed.
  • Management involves a multidisciplinary team approach.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates have significantly improved the management of pediatric osteoporosis over the last decade.
  • Surgical interventions are necessary for limb straightening and spinal stabilization in severe cases.
  • Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in maintaining mobility for affected children.

Conclusions:

  • Osteogenesis imperfecta is the primary cause of pediatric osteoporosis, necessitating comprehensive care.
  • Multidisciplinary management and advancements in bisphosphonate therapy have transformed patient outcomes.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are key to improving quality of life for children with OI.